武汉城市圈农地城市流转效率评价

研究目的：将农地城市流转过程假设为“企业”的生产过程,在界定相应的投入产出指标的基础上,运用数据包络分析（DEA）研究武汉城市圈农地城市流转效率。研究方法：数据包络分析方法。研究结果：武汉城市圈农地城市流转效率总体呈现下降趋势,效率值由2008年Ep=0.90下降为2009年的Ep=0.71,再上升到2010年的Ep=0.82,但仍然显著低于2008年的效率值,下降幅度明显大于上升。研究结论：2008-2010年由于农用地资源无效投入大幅增加致使武汉城市圈农地城市流转效率逐年降低,效率优化结果显示武汉城市圈农地城市流转效率优化需调整的投入、产出量呈现逐年增长趋势。     

城镇建设用地生态适宜性评价研究  ———以重庆市荣昌县为例

为更加深入地了解县域尺度城镇建设用地生态适宜性情况,实现土地资源的合理可持续利用。以 重庆市荣昌县为例,采用AHP法和GIS空间分析技术,选择了地形、社会条件和生态安全3大类8个指 标,建立了适用于浅丘区土地生态适宜性评价指标体系,分析了荣昌县中心城区生态景观格局和建设用地 生态适宜性分布。结果表明:荣昌县不同景观类型之间生态景观指数差异较大,但各种景观类型分布比较 均匀。荣昌县中心城区适宜分布建设用地的面积大,未来城镇建设开发潜力大,其中最适宜和适宜开发的 面积为1.288 55万hm 2 ,占中心城区面积的34.85%;可适度开发的土地面积为1.0 59 878万hm 2 ,占中心 城区面积的28.67%。因此,今后荣昌县应在生态环境许可的条件下,采取差别化政策对待不同区域土地 利用与保护,更加充分合理利用每一寸建设用地。     

Collective livestock research for sustainable disease management in Mali and Burkina Faso

An international multi-disciplinary team of scientists, led by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), tackled the problem of bovine trypanosomosis and the development of drug resistance in West Africa, inter alia, by the promotion of rational drug use (RDU) principles. These principles had been brought to farmers by practical training and by the provision of information leaflets. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of RDU training at smallholder level with respect to advances in farmers' knowledge and farm productivity before research outputs could be scaled up. Therefore, 508 cattle farmers attended a disease-specific knowledge test and provided information about farm production. Results show that farmers who participated in the training are more likely to identify signs and causes of the disease and to correctly administer drugs. Allocating scores to each question in the knowledge tests and scrutinizing the differences between trained and untrained farmers by matching procedures shows that participating farmers reach higher scores in all knowledge categories. Moreover, the acquisition of additional knowledge and the application of improved control strategies significantly increase farm performance. Additionally, an allocative effect was identified since trypanocide expenditures were saved by less expensive inputs.     

国家审计、经济双循环新发展格局与区域创新效率

国家审计的经济秩序治理功能在助力经济双循环新发展格局和提升区域创新效率方面发挥了巨大作用。以2006—2019年省级面板数据为研究样本,基于简单中介效应模型和多重中介效应模型的联合检验方法,研究了国家审计对区域创新效率的影响以及经济双循环新发展格局在其中发挥的中介作用。研究结果表明,国家审计综合效能显著促进了区域创新效率的提高,经济内循环和外循环发挥了双重中介作用。进一步研究发现,在国家审计通过助力形成新发展格局来促进区域创新效率的过程中,应当格外注意政府债务风险和区域数字化建设差异的影响。     

Complementarity and the Measurement of Individual Risk Tradeoffs: Accounting for Quantity and Quality of Life Effects

This paper considers the factors responsible for differences with age in estimates of the wage compensation an individual requires to accept increased occupational fatality risk. We derive a relationship between the value of a statistical life (VSL) and the degree of complementarity between consumption and labor supplied when health status serves as a potential source of variation in this relationship. Our empirical analysis finds that variations in an individual’s health status or quality of life and anticipated longevity threats lead to significant differences in the estimated wage/risk tradeoffs. We describe how extensions to the specification of hedonic wage models, including measures for quality of life and anticipated longevity threats, help to explain the diversity in past studies examining how the estimated wage–risk tradeoff changes with age.      

Estimating worldwide life satisfaction

Whilst studies of life satisfaction are becoming more common-place, their global coverage is far from complete. This paper develops a new database of life satisfaction scores for 178 countries, bringing together subjective well-being data from four surveys and using stepwise regression to estimate scores for nations where no subjective data are available. In doing so, we explore various factors that predict between-nation variation in subjective life satisfaction, building on Vemuri and Costanza's (Vemuri, A.W., & Costanza, R., 2006. The role of human, social, built, and natural capital in explaining life satisfaction at the country level: toward a National Well-Being Index (NWI). Ecological Economics, 58:119-133.) four capitals model. The main regression model explains 76% of variation in existing subjective scores; importantly, this includes poorer nations that had proven problematic in Vemuri and Costanza's (Vemuri, A.W., & Costanza, R., 2006. The role of human, social, built, and natural capital in explaining life satisfaction at the country level: toward a National Well-Being Index (NWI). Ecological Economics, 58:119-133.) study. Natural, human and socio-political capitals are all found to be strong predictors of life satisfaction. Built capital, operationalised as GDP, did not enter our regression model, being overshadowed by the human capital and socio-political capital factors that it inter-correlates with. The final database presents a stop-gap resource that, until robust surveys are carried out worldwide, allows comparisons of subjective life satisfaction between nations to be made with reasonable confidence.     

Why the structure of capital and the useful lives of its components matter: A test based on a model of Austrian descent

This paper centers on the structure of capital and the useful lives of its components by considering an economy with two representative firms, one producing a necessity and another producing a luxury. This difference determines their reinvestment opportunities. Therefore, while the one applies replacement, the other adopts scrapping. However, as these capital policies lead to different service lives, the analysis confronts the issues raised by Miller (Review of Income and Wealth 29:284–296, 1982, Review of Income and Wealth 36:67–82, 1990) and deals with them by drawing on Haavelmo’s (A study in the theory of investment, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1960) suggestions regarding the aggregation of capital. Among other findings, it turns out that the simulation results are highly robust, thus demonstrating that real-world implications may be even stronger than strictly suggested by the model.

区域农业可持续发展度评价——以环洞庭湖区为例

要实现区域农业可持续发展,首先就必须对其发展现状进行识别与判定,其次在理解区域农业可持续发展度的基础上,建立农业可持续发展度数学模型;并运用这一模型对环洞庭湖区1998—2006年农业可持续发展水平进行评价。最后得出结论:1998年农业处于不可持续发展的状态,其余各年洞庭湖区农业处于弱可持续发展状态;并针对今后环洞庭湖区农业可持续发展提出相关的对策建议。     

我国股市周期与企业会计稳健性的实证研究

企业会计政策的稳健性选择是不断变化的,文章从动态的角度分析了我国证券市场波动如何影响企业的投融资行为,进而如何影响企业会计政策选择中的稳健性程度。通过实证检验发现,中国股票市场的周期性波动导致企业选择不同的会计政策,进而表现出随股市周期变化的稳健性特征,即在股市上行周期,企业会计政策的稳健性减弱,而在股市下行周期,企业会计政策的稳健性增强。文章的结论为投资者及监管部门加深理解企业会计政策选择行为提供了有力的基础。     

基于全寿命周期分析的电力设备费用模型

针对我国供电企业的实际情况,将电力设备费用分为一次投资费用和运行维护费用两部分,建立了电力设备全寿命周期费用定量模型。针对一次投资费用的特点,建立了基于时间分摊的一次投资费用模型;针对运行维护费用长期发生的特点,建立了基于灰色关联度确定分布类型的运行维护费用模型。同时,将两个费用模型综合考虑,建立了供电企业电力设备全寿命周期费用模型,据此可计算电力设备全寿命周期最小费用和最佳使用寿命。最后,以某变电站综合自动化项目为例,验证了该模型的有效性。